Intervertebral Disc Disease in Small Dogs: Back Pain, Treatment and Emergency Signs
Learn the warning signs of IVDD in small dogs, when strict rest or surgery may be needed, and which symptoms are neurological emergencies.
Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) occurs when a disc between the spinal bones degenerates or herniates, causing pain and sometimes pressure on the spinal cord. Dachshunds and several other small breeds are at increased risk.
Possible signs
- Back or neck pain
- Reluctance to jump or use stairs
- Hunched posture
- Wobbly walking
- Weakness or paralysis
- Loss of bladder control in severe cases
Diagnosis
A neurological examination helps locate the problem. X-rays can rule out some other conditions, but advanced imaging such as MRI or CT is usually required when surgery is being considered or neurological deficits are significant.
Treatment for milder cases
Dogs that remain neurologically stable may sometimes be treated with strict activity restriction and veterinarian-prescribed pain and anti-inflammatory medication. “Rest” means controlled confinement, not simply avoiding long walks.
When surgery is needed
Progressive weakness, inability to walk or severe spinal cord compression may require urgent specialist surgery. Outcome often depends on the severity of neurological loss and how quickly treatment is provided.
Do not manipulate the spine at home
A painful or weak dog should be handled carefully and kept from jumping. Avoid forceful stretching, massage or chiropractic manipulation before a veterinarian has identified the cause.
Emergency signs
Sudden inability to stand, dragging the legs, rapidly worsening weakness or loss of bladder control are emergencies and warrant immediate veterinary evaluation.
Related Small Dog Living Guides
Explore the bigger picture: Visit our Small Dog Health Guide for related conditions, warning signs, prevention and veterinary-care topics.