Corneal Ulcers in Small Dogs: Eye Pain, Emergency Signs and Treatment
Learn the signs of a corneal ulcer in small dogs, why squinting is urgent, and how veterinary treatment protects vision.
A corneal ulcer is damage to the clear surface of the eye. Small dogs with prominent eyes, facial hair rubbing the cornea or reduced tear production may be at increased risk.
Signs that need attention
- Squinting or holding one eye closed
- Excessive tearing
- Rubbing at the eye
- Redness
- Cloudiness or a visible spot on the cornea
How it is diagnosed
Veterinarians commonly use fluorescein stain, which adheres to damaged corneal tissue. They may also check tear production and look for foreign material or eyelid problems.
Treatment
Simple superficial ulcers are often treated with prescription eye medication, pain relief and prevention of rubbing, usually with an Elizabethan collar. The eye must be rechecked because some ulcers fail to heal normally.
Complicated ulcers
Deep, infected or rapidly melting ulcers can threaten the eye and may require intensive medication or surgery by a veterinary ophthalmologist.
Never use leftover eye drops
Some ophthalmic medications, especially steroid-containing drops, can make a corneal ulcer dramatically worse. Do not use old human or veterinary eye medication unless the eye has been examined and the product specifically prescribed for the current problem.
When it is urgent
Sudden squinting, obvious eye pain, trauma, a cloudy eye, a bulging eye or a visible corneal defect should be assessed the same day whenever possible.
Related Small Dog Living Guides
Explore the bigger picture: Visit our Small Dog Health Guide for related conditions, warning signs, prevention and veterinary-care topics.